Man dies after falling into vat of chocolate in US

Authorities say a man has died after falling into a vat of melted chocolate in a New Jersey processing plant.

The Camden County prosecutor's office identified the victim as 29-year-old Vincent Smith II. He was a temporary worker at the Cocoa Services Inc. plant.

The accident happened Wednesday morning as Smith was loading chocolate into a vat where it's melted and mixed before being shipped elsewhere to be made into candy.

Prosecutor's spokesman Jason Laughlin says a co-worker tried to shut off the machine and two others tried to pull Smith out of the 8-foot-deep (2 1/2-meter-deep) vat. He was hit and fatally injured by the agitator that mixes the chocolate.

Cocoa Services hires a second company - Lyons and Sons - to do the mixing.

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Polling body begins vote counting

The General Election Commission conducted on Wednesday a vote count via text message, reaffirming the results of quick counts that gave a majority victory to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his running mate Boediono.

According to the KPU’s “quick count”, the SBY-Boediono won 60 percent of votes, the Megawati-Prabowo ticket 29.67 percent and the JK-Wiranto 9.62 percent.

The KPU’s results mirrors those that came from several institutions doing quick counts such as Lembaga Survey Indonesia (the Indonesian Survey Institute), Institute of Economic and Social Studies and Development (LP3S) and Indonesian Survey Circle (LSI).

Andi Nurpati, a KPU member handling the KPU’s quick count, stressed that the results showed at the KPU’s voting tabulation site (tnp.kpu.go.id/pilpres200907/sms/static/), which was provided in cooperation with the help from the International Foundation for Electoral System (IFES) and launched late Wednesday evening at the KPU office in Jakarta.

As of Wednesday evening, the polling body gathered only about 4 million votes out of about 40,000 text messages from poll officers spread around the nation.

“The results is only 40,000-something out of about 104,000 poll officers who have already been registered by the KPU,” she said.

“We will continue receiving their text messages and update the Website as we receive them. Currently, there is no deadline on when all the results must be in so just keep on checking periodically.”

However, that the KPU only had 4 million votes from about 40,000 polling stations signals an immensely low voter turn-out as each polling station takes a maximum of 800 voters, which translates to more than 20 million voters, or about 16 million voters missing from the count.

Another KPU member, Abdul Aziz, said the results shown in the vote tabulation was not meant to be a reference because the number shown in the site came from text messages, which may have been inputted incorrectly, while other messages may have not been deemed accurate enough to show in the site.

“We have an internal mechanism to filter these results, but this is still not the most reliable result.

The most reliable result will be the manual counting, which we plan to do gradually beginning on July 22 up to July 24,” he said, adding the manual vote-counting began from the polling stations nationwide soon after the ballotin and continued with a recapitulation starting from subdistrict to provincial level.

As of 9 p.m., the tabulation results from text messages have not changed.

The SBY–Boediono pair received about 2.48 million votes, the Megawati–Prabowo pair 1.2 million votes and the Kalla–Wiranto pair received a little less than 400,000 votes.



KPU’s schedule for the presidential election:

• July 8: Voting Day
• July 9 - July 10: Poll workers (KPPS) count the results from within their respective polling stations.
• July 10 - July 15: Vote-counting at the district level nationwide.
• July 16 – July 18: Vote-counting by the local general election committee at the regency/municipality level nationwide.
• July 19 – July 21: Vote-counting at the provincial level in 33 provinces.
• July 22 – July 24: The General Election Commission (KPU) will calculate the vote count from all across the country.
• July 25 – July 27: The KPU announces president-elect on July 25 and gives three days to the losers to accept the election’s results or not. This announcement is made only if the winner grabs a single majority.
• July 28-Aug.11: Settlements of election conflicts.
• Aug. 1-12: Officiating of election results.
• Oct. 20: President- and Vice President-elect are sworn in.

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Clinton urged Obama to talk tough on Iran

Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton urged President Obama for two days to toughen his language on Iran before he did so, and then was surprised when he condemned Iran's crackdown on demonstrators last week, administration officials say.

At his June 23 news conference, Mr. Obama said he was "appalled and outraged" by Iranian behavior and "strongly condemned" the violence against anti-government demonstrators. Up until then, Mr. Obama and other administration officials had taken a softer line, expressing "deep concern" about the situation and calling on Iran to "respect the dignity of its own people."
Behind the scenes, the officials, who spoke on the condition that they not be named because they were discussing internal deliberations, said Mrs. Clinton had been advocating the stronger U.S. response, but the president resisted. When he finally took her advice, the aides said, he did so without informing her first.
This was the first known example of awkwardness between the two former rivals for the Democratic nomination for president since they made up following Mr. Obama's election. The disagreement also gave some insight into the Obama administration's foreign policy decision-making process five months into its term.
The officials said they were familiar with the language Mr. Obama used in his news conference because it was sent to the State Department a day earlier, but that Mrs. Clinton did not know until he uttered the words that he would choose that moment to make them public.
"It was a happy surprise," one administration official said. "It was echoing the line the secretary had been pushing for a couple of days."
Another official said Mr. Obama apparently did not make the final decision to go ahead with the tougher stance until shortly before his remarks.
"I don't think he himself had decided to do it until he did it, but we knew full well it was headed that way, because the White House sent over the actual language he'd use if he chose to take that line for folks to review and weigh in on, which State did," the second official said.
The White House and the State Department declined to comment publicly on Mrs. Clinton's "private advice" to Mr. Obama and their internal communications.


Key congressional Republicans - most prominently Sen. John McCain of Arizona, who was Mr. Obama's opponent in last year's election - criticized the president for being too "timid" and failing to speak out early against the Iranian regime's crackdown on protests following the disputed June 12 presidential election.
Mr. Obama initially said he did not want to appear to be interfering in Iran's internal affairs and provide ammunition to the regime, which tends to blame the United States and other Western countries for any unrest. In addition, he knew he would most likely have to deal with the current government as part of the West's efforts to prevent Iran from producing a nuclear weapon, officials said.
"On the one hand, he may have felt that the United States should naturally criticize the Iranian government's violent crackdown on the protesters," said Alireza Nader, an analyst at the Rand Corp. "On the other, he acknowledged that the U.S. was still willing to engage with Iran in the future. Strong U.S. criticism of the Iranian government could jeopardize future negotiations."
Mrs. Clinton agreed with the president, but she thought it was time to get tougher after the June 20 killing of a young woman, Neda Agha-Soltan, on a Tehran street, officials said. A video of the killing was widely viewed on the Internet.
At the same time, they added, she was content to leave the decision to Mr. Obama, because she understood that he bore ultimate responsibility for any consequences.
However, Mr. Obama's sudden decision to toughen his language on Tehran had the effect of making the State Department look out of sync with the White House.
Until about an hour before the presidential news conference, the State Department continued to follow a more cautious public line, using words like "deeply concerned" about the situation in Iran, but refusing to "condemn" the crackdown. Then came Mr. Obama's surprise.
"The United States and the international community have been appalled and outraged by the threats, the beatings and imprisonments of the last few days," he said. "I strongly condemn these unjust actions, and I join with the American people in mourning each and every innocent life that is lost."
The decision on Iran was very personal, officials said. Mr. Obama knew his senior aides' views, but it was up to him to "pull the trigger."
"We have so few tools when we deal with Iran, and we don't fully understand what's going on, so all we've got is what the president says," the first administration official said. "There isn't a huge process behind it."
In general, the officials said, Mr. Obama has relied on the government bureaucracy to formulate language on foreign affairs.
For example, before Mr. Obama's meeting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel on Friday, everything he said was a "result of a long process involving meetings and briefing papers," the official said. Even with North Korea, another country that has no diplomatic relations with the U.S., "we have a formalized mechanism in the six-party [nuclear] talks and more moving pieces."
Analysts said the Iran episode shows Mr. Obama's nuanced thinking and in-depth analysis of foreign policy, although some warned that he risks being too cautious and appearing indecisive.
"The demonstrators in Iran have revealed the extreme caution of Obama's approach to the world, as if he is afraid of making a mistake, and his dislike of disruptions to an agenda he has already laid out," Reginald Dale, director of the Transatlantic Media Network at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said in reference to the president's offer of engagement, which so far has been spurned by Tehran.
Kim R. Holmes, vice president of the Heritage Foundation, who was assistant secretary of state for international organizations in the George W. Bush administration, said: "The caution that we should not meddle was shown to be pointless after the Iranian leadership blamed the protests on America and Britain anyway."
Michael J. Green, former senior director for East Asian affairs on the National Security Council in the Bush White House, said Mr. Obama may be trying the learn from his predecessor's mistakes.
Mr. Bush tended to make decisions during meetings with his national security team, but the problem was that his aides "interpreted his directions differently," especially during his first term, Mr. Green said.
At the time, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell's aides often said that he "felt good" about the outcome of a White House meeting, because Mr. Bush had taken his advice. Vice President Dick Cheney and Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld felt the same way, except that their advice was usually very different.
"It seems that Obama is trying to avoid such confusion by laying out specifically what he wants," Mr. Green said.
As involved as Mrs. Clinton may have been in the process leading up to Mr. Obama's decision on Iran, "the secretary of state usually doesn't have the last say, because he or she is not there with the president all the time," he said. "With all the modern technology, location still means power."

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Greening the Internet: How much CO2 does this article produce?

Twenty milligrams; that's the average amount of carbon emissions generated from the time it took you to read the first two words of this article.
How green is your website? Calculating all the factors involved in a website can be tricky.

How green is your website? Calculating all the factors involved in a website can be tricky.

Now, depending on how quickly you read, around 80, perhaps even 100 milligrams of C02 have been released. And in the several minutes it will take you to get to the end of this story, the number of milligrams of greenhouse gas emitted could be several thousand, if not more.

This may not seem like a lot: "But in aggregate, if you consider all the people visiting a web site and then all the seconds that each of them spends on it, it turns out to be a large number," says Dr. Alexander Wissner-Gross, an Environmental Fellow at Harvard University who studies the environmental impact of computing.

Wissner-Gross estimates every second someone spends browsing a simple web site generates roughly 20 milligrams of C02. Whether downloading a song, sending an email or streaming a video, almost every single activity that takes place in the virtual environment has an impact on the real one.

As millions more go online each year some researchers say the need to create a green Internet ecosystem is not only imperative but also urgent.

"It is part of the whole sustainability picture," Chris Large, head of research and development at UK-based Climate Action Group, told CNN.

"Scientists are saying to us that we have 10 years to take some serious action to avoid the most catastrophic effects of climate change so taking some sort of initiative is absolutely vital."

A number of studies have highlighted the growing energy demands of computers. A 2007 report from research firm Gartner, for example, estimates the manufacturing, use and disposal of information and communications technology generates about two percent of the world's greenhouse gases -- similar to the level produced by the entire aviation industry.

Anti-virus software firm McAfee reports that the electricity needed just to transmit the trillions of spam emails sent annually equals the amount required to power over two million homes in the United States while producing the same level of greenhouse gas emissions as more than three million cars.

"Most people don't appreciate that the computer on your desk is contributing to global warming and that if its electricity comes from a coal power plant it produces as much C02 as a sports utility vehicle," said Bill St. Arnaud of Canarie, a Canada-based internet development organization.

"Some studies estimate the internet will be producing 20 percent of the world's greenhouse gases in a decade. That is clearly the wrong direction. That is clearly unsustainable," added St. Arnaud.

What do you include when working out IT's carbon footprint?

Calculating the carbon footprint of the entire web however is not as easy as measuring the greenhouse gas emissions of a car.

Data centers -- massive buildings housing hundreds, if not thousands, of power hungry servers storing everything from Facebook photos and YouTube videos to company web sites and personal emails -- are often labeled as the worst offenders when it comes to harming the environment.

In 2002, global data center emissions amounted to 76 million tons of carbon dioxide -- a figure that is likely to more than triple over the next decade, according to a 2008 study by the Climate Group and Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI). The footprint of network infrastructure, which is responsible for transporting information from data centers to personal computers, mobile phones and other devices, is harder to pinpoint.

However the same study estimates fixed broadband accounts for around four million tons of carbon emissions and could account for nearly 50 million tons of emissions by 2020.

The manufacturing, transport and use of personal computers and laptops also has what some say is the most significant impact, producing roughly 200 million tons of emissions in 2002.

As millions of people buy new laptops and computers every year, this figure could triple by the end of the next decade, according to the Climate Group report. And it is also true that, like driving a car compared to taking public transportation, some online activities produce more greenhouse gases than others.

More electricity is needed to store, transmit and download a video compared to a simple email, for example. A single search using Google releases 0.2 grams of C02 into the atmosphere, according to Google.

"And what that includes is the energy that we at Google use to be able to receive your search, process it and then send it back to you," Erik Teetzel, one of Google's "green" engineers, told CNN.

"If people are counting things outside the activity that we do, then we don't have control over that so we don't factor that into the equation," said Teetzel.

"We can measure exactly the number of queries that we service and come up with a very accurate estimate and answer from measured results of our actual emissions or energy use per query that we serve."

The drive for energy efficiency

Citing competitive reasons, Teetzel declined to divulge Google's annual power bill, yet he said the internet company has been taking steps to make its main six, five megawatt server farms green as well as the other, smaller data centers it has around the world. It is doing this by using more renewable energy, recycled water and efficient software that requires less electricity to run.

"From a business perspective, it makes sense to get the most what you want to call useful work done using the least amount of resources," said Teetzel.

"Our energy efficiency efforts really did stem from us making our business more competitive."

A number of other companies are also working to take the various pieces that comprise the infrastructure of the internet in a more sustainable direction. Wissner-Gross of Harvard has a company called C02Stats that enables businesses to monitor and manage the environmental impact of their web sites and then purchase renewable energy certificates based on their sites' monthly carbon footprint.

Netherlands-based Cleanbits lobbies web sites to go green by either by purchasing carbon offsets or switching to green hosting providers, like AISO.net, a solar-powered data center based in California. And, like Google, Yahoo also incorporates renewable power and other efficiency measures in its data centers.

However as more of the world joins an age characterized by global flows of information and communication, some say the role the internet plays in making the lives of millions not only more efficient but also environmentally friendly should not be discounted.

"I don't think we've done a good deal with articulating the fact that IT is inherently an efficiency tool," said Teetzel. "That is why you and I use the internet now to find out a lot of information that would have previously been found by us getting in a car and driving somewhere."

"It is a little bit unfair to say that you have this huge carbon cost of the IT industry without articulating the fact that in many, many cases it offsets what I would call heavier, more carbon intense activities that we do in our daily lives," he added.

"Moving electrons is far more efficient than moving atoms. It is actually a paradigm change."

source : www.cnn.com

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SBY leads election based on KPU’s message count

The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Thu, 07/09/2009 3:28 PM | Presidential Election
Matching the unofficial quick counts, the General Elections Commission’s (KPU) short messaging service-based vote tabulation reveals that incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) leads the pack.

As of Thursday afternoon, SBY and his running mate Boediono had secured 61.66 percent of around 18.7 million votes counted. Megawati Soekarnoputri and Prabowo Subianto trailed a distant second with 28.57 percent, and Jusuf Kalla and Wiranto with 9.77 percent.

The KPU however said the tabulation did not necessarily reflect the official vote results, which are not expected until July 25.

“This [vote tally] is preliminary and is not official as it has to follow a certain verification procedure. This preliminary data should in no way be considered representative of the national or official results,” the KPU said in its disclaimer.

The tabulation was conducted in around 104,000 out of a total of 450,000 polling stations across the archipelago, each sending vote count results to a KPU database center in Jakarta on Wednesday.

As of Thursday afternoon, the data had come from polling stations in 28 provinces, only those from the remote provinces of Papua, West Papua, Maluku, North Maluku, and East Kalimantan have not filed the results. (dre)

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Megawati challenges quick count results

Dicky Christanto , The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Thu, 07/09/2009 2:33 PM | Headlines

The presidential candidate from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Megawati Sukarnoputri, challenged the validity of quick count results and said they reflected an imperfect democracy.

"A perfect democracy must not contain any indications of fraud," Megawati said during a televised interview with TVOne in Jakarta on Wednesday.

"How can we say the election has been done properly if I still receive reports about 10 million unregistered voters?

"The joyous process of the election and democracy only looks good on TV, but in reality we are now experiencing a pseudo-democracy."

Unofficial quick count results for Wednesday's presidential election from various institutions showed that incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) from the Democratic Party (PD) and his running mate, former Bank Indonesia governor, Boediono, have likely won in one round by garnering more than 50 percent of votes.

Megawati was in distant second with some 25 percent of votes, while incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla from the Golkar Party has possibly won only 12 percent.

The PDI-P and Golkar have been questioning the validity of the election due to recent initial findings by a special committee of the House of Representatives.

The committee, specially assigned to investigate the validity of the electoral roll, recently said the General Elections Commission (KPU) failed to enlist around 49 million eligible voters on the roll.

The Constitutional Court then ruled Monday that unregistered, eligible voters could use their ID cards to cast their ballots.

Commenting on the election, political observer Maswadi Rauf of the University of Indonesia said that election stakeholders should be grateful for the ruling.

"Without the ruling we might face the threat of the election postponement due to the poor electoral roll process," he told The Jakarta Post.

However, he also expected a further yet thorough investigation regarding the complaints of several indications of mismanagement reported during the election process.

"We should encourage the KPU and the Election Supervisory Body *Bawaslu* to conduct a joint investigation toward various indications of irregularities."

It was reported from a hospital in Makassar, South Sulawesi, that thousands of patients and hospital employees could not vote because the local branches of the KPU did not facilitate the process for them.

Dozens of inmates in Pacitan, East Java, were also unable to votebecause there was no polling station available at the correctional center.

The head of the Research Institute for Democracy and a Prosperous State (Pedoman), Fadjroel Rachman, said the electoral roll mismanagement was a major stain that needed to be wiped away in future elections.

"The court's ruling saved a lot of unregistered voters' constitutional rights for the time being.

"Therefore, we must learn from this incident.

"We must do our best to prevent the same mismanagement from happening again in the future."

Nevertheless, he said, SBY was the winner of the election although the true winners were the people.

"SBY should now remember that he has a lot of homework to do, especially regarding the resolution of past human rights violations and the investigation into the corruption done by Soeharto and his chronies." (hdt)

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SBY-Boediono: President of Indonesia 2009-2014 Version Quick Count

Results from several institutions that conduct the surveys fast indonesia 2009 presidential election can be concluded that the election in 2009 only lasted one lap only. SBY-pair is able to reach sound Boediono reached 60%, far superior compared to pair-Megawati, Prabowo and Wiranto JK. With the results of the calculation is fast SBY-capable Boediono eligible 50% plus 1 vote, and the distribution of SBY-Boediono far exceeded the constitutional requirement of a presidential election cycles to get the sound that is at least 20% in 50% more provinces across the country.

SBY victory pair Boediono in quick-count has not been absolute, and however the authorities announced in this case is the KPU. But from the results of previous surveys conducted by several institutions in the survey, the results that they quickly get melenceng not far from the man who made the KPU.

One of the institutions that make the fast, Information Research Institute (LRI) states disperse themselves. This is because they have previously predicts that the presidential election will be held in two rounds and says ready to disband if the prediction is wrong. And that pair of SBY-winning Boediono absolute top competitors-competitors. They also eventually disband because states are failing and not berkompeten in this calculation.

Next results quickly survey some of the institution:

1. Information Research Institute (LRI)

Megawati, Prabowo: 27.10%
SBY-Boediono: 61.09%
JK-Wiranto: 11.81%

2. Indonesia circle Surveys

Megawati, Prabowo: 27.27%
SBY-Boediono: 60.17%
JK-Wiranto: 12.55%

3. Research, Education and The Economic and Social (LP3ES)

Megawati, Prabowo: 27.40%
SBY-Boediono: 60.28%
JK-Wiranto: 12.32%

4. Center of Research and Development Strategic Policy (Puskaptis)

Megawati, Prabowo: 28.16%
SBY-Boediono: 57.94%
JK-Wiranto: 13.89%

5. Surveys Indonesia Institute (LSI)

Megawati, Prabowo: 26.57%
SBY-Boediono: 60.82%
JK-Wiranto: 12.61%


taken from : http://japraxxx.blogspot.com/2009/07/sby-boediono-presiden-indonesia-2009.html

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Where should I place Google ads on my pages?

The best location for Google ads varies from page to page, depending on content. Here are a few questions to ask yourself when considering where to position your ads:

* What is the user trying to accomplish by visiting my site?
* What do they do when viewing a particular page?
* Where is their attention likely to be focused?
* How can I integrate ads into this area without getting in the users' way?
* How can I keep the page looking clean, uncluttered and inviting?

Certain locations tend to be more successful than others. This "heat map" illustrates the ideal placing on a sample page layout. The colors fade from dark orange (strongest performance) to light yellow (weakest performance). All other things being equal, ads located above the fold tend to perform better than those below the fold. Ads placed near rich content and navigational aids usually do well because users are focused on those areas of a page.

While this heat map is useful as a positioning guideline, we strongly recommend putting your users first when deciding on ad location. Think about their behavior on different pages, and what will be most useful and visible to them. You'll find that the most optimal ad position isn't always what you expect on certain pages.

For example, on pages where users are typically focused on reading an article, ads placed directly below the end of the editorial content tend to perform very well. It's almost as if users finish reading and ask themselves, "What can I do next?" Precisely targeted ads can answer that question for them.

Tip for forum webmasters and bloggers: Check out our specific tips on ad placement for forum sites and blogs.

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Google Adsense : Introduction

AdSense is an advertisement application run by Google. Website owners can enroll in this program to enable text, image, and more recently, video advertisements on their websites. These advertisements are administered by Google and generate revenue on either a per-click or per-impression basis. Google beta tested a cost-per-action service, but discontinued it in October 2008 in favor of a DoubleClick offering (also owned by Google)
Overview
Google uses its Internet search technology to serve advertisements based on website content, the user's geographical location, and other factors. Those wanting to advertise with Google's targeted advertisement system may enroll through AdWords. AdSense has become a popular method of placing advertising on a website because the advertisements are less intrusive than most banners, and the content of the advertisements is often relevant to the website.
Currently, AdSense uses JavaScript code to incorporate the advertisements into a participating website. If the advertisements are included on a website that has not yet been crawled by the Mediabot, AdSense will temporarily display advertisements for charitable causes, also known as public service announcements (PSAs). (The Mediabot is different from the Googlebot, which maintains Google's search index.)
Many websites use AdSense to monetize their content. AdSense has been particularly important for delivering advertising revenue to small websites that do not have the resources for developing advertising sales programs and sales people. To fill a website with advertisements that are relevant to the topics discussed, webmasters implement a brief script on the websites' pages. Websites that are content-rich have been very successful with this advertising program, as noted in a number of publisher case studies on the AdSense website.

Some webmasters invest significant effort into maximizing their own AdSense income. They do this in three ways:[citation needed]
1. They use a wide range of traffic-generating techniques, including but not limited to online advertising.
2. They build valuable content on their websites that attracts AdSense advertisements, which pay out the most when they are clicked.
3. They use text content on their websites that encourages visitors to click on advertisements. Note that Google prohibits webmasters from using phrases like "Click on my AdSense ads" to increase click rates. The phrases accepted are "Sponsored Links" and "Advertisements".
The source of all AdSense income is the AdWords program, which in turn has a complex pricing model based on a Vickrey second price auction. AdSense commands an advertiser to submit a sealed bid (i.e., a bid not observable by competitors). Additionally, for any given click received, advertisers only pay one bid increment above the second-highest bid.
History
The underlying technology behind AdSense was derived originally from WordNet, Simpli (a company started by the founder of Wordnet, George A. Miller), and a number of professors and graduate students from Brown University, including James A. Anderson, Jeff Stibel, and Steve Reiss.[2] A variation of this technology utilizing WordNet was developed by Oingo, a small search engine company based in Santa Monica founded in 1998 by Gilad Elbaz and Adam Weissman. Oingo changed its name to Applied Semantics in 2001, which was later acquired by Google in April 2003 for US$102 million.
Types
AdSense for Feeds
In May 2005, Google announced a limited-participation beta version of AdSense for Feeds, a version of AdSense that runs on RSS and Atom feeds that have more than 100 active subscribers. According to the Official Google Blog, "advertisers have their ads placed in the most appropriate feed articles; publishers are paid for their original content; readers see relevant advertising—and in the long run, more quality feeds to choose from."
AdSense for Feeds works by inserting images into a feed. When the image is displayed by a RSS reader or Web browser, Google writes the advertising content into the image that it returns. The advertisement content is chosen based on the content of the feed surrounding the image. When the user clicks the image, he or she is redirected to the advertiser's website in the same way as regular AdSense advertisements.
AdSense for Feeds remained in its beta state until August 15, 2008, when it became available to all AdSense users.
AdSense for search
A companion to the regular AdSense program, AdSense for search, allows website owners to place Google search boxes on their websites. When a user searches the Internet or the website with the search box, Google shares any advertising revenue it makes from those searches with the website owner. However the publisher is paid only if the advertisements on the page are clicked: AdSense does not pay publishers for mere searches.
AdSense for mobile content
AdSense for mobile content allows publishers to generate earnings from their mobile websites using targeted Google advertisements. Just like AdSense for content, Google matches advertisements to the content of a website — in this case, a mobile website.
AdSense for domains
Adsense for domains allows advertisements to be placed on domain names that have not been developed. This offers domain name owners a way to monetize domain names that are otherwise dormant. Adsense for domains is currently being offered to some users, with plans to make it available to all in stages.
On December 12, 2008, TechCrunch reported that AdSense for Domains is available for all US publishers.
XHTML compatibility
As of September 2007, the HTML code for the AdSense search box does not validate as XHTML, and does not follow modern principles of website design because of its use of
• non-standard end tags, such as and ,
• the attribute checked rather than checked="checked",
• presentational attributes other than id, class, or style — for example, bgcolor and align,
• a table structure for purely presentational (i.e., non-tabular) purposes,1 and
• the font tag.2
1: using a table structure for unintended purposes is strongly recommended against by the W3C[citation needed], but nevertheless does not cause a document to fail validation — there is currently no algorithmic method of determining whether a table is used "correctly" (for displaying tabular data or for displaying elements, that get proportionally wider or narrower when browser window resizes in width without active client side scripting).
2: the font tag is deprecated but does not fail validation in any XHTML standard.
Additionally, the AdSense advertisement units use the JavaScript method document.write(), which does not work correctly when rendered with the application/xhtml+xml MIME type. The units also use the iframe HTML tag, which is not validated correctly with the XHTML 1.0 Strict or XHTML 1.0 Transitional DOCTYPEs.
The terms of the AdSense program forbid its affiliates from modifying the code, thus preventing these participants from having valid XHTML websites.
However, a workaround has been found by creating a separate HTML webpage containing only the AdSense advertisement units, and then importing this page into an XHTML webpage with an object tag. This workaround appears to be accepted by Google.
How AdSense works
• The webmaster inserts the AdSense JavaScript code into a webpage.
• Each time this page is visited, the JavaScript code uses inlined JSON to display content fetched from Google's servers.
• For contextual advertisements, Google's servers use a cache of the page to determine a set of high-value keywords. If keywords have been cached already, advertisements are served for those keywords based on the AdWords bidding system. (More details are described in the AdSense patent.)
• For site-targeted advertisements, the advertiser chooses the page(s) on which to display advertisements, and pays based on cost per mille (CPM), or the price advertisers choose to pay for every thousand advertisements displayed.[11][12]
• For referrals, Google adds money to the advertiser's account when visitors either download the referred software or subscribe to the referred service. The referral program was retired in August 2008.[
• Search advertisements are added to the list of results after the visitor performs a search.
• Because the JavaScript is sent to the Web browser when the page is requested, it is possible for other website owners to copy the JavaScript code into their own webpages. To protect against this type of fraud, AdSense customers can specify the pages on which advertisements should be shown. AdSense then ignores clicks from pages other than those specified.
Abuse
Some webmasters create websites tailored to lure searchers from Google and other engines onto their AdSense website to make money from clicks. These "zombie" websites often contain nothing but a large amount of interconnected, automated content (e.g., a directory with content from the Open Directory Project, or scraper websites relying on RSS feeds for content). Possibly the most popular form of such "AdSense farms" are splogs (spam blogs), which are centered around known high-paying keywords. Many of these websites use content from other websites, such as Wikipedia, to attract visitors. These and related approaches are considered to be search engine spam and can be reported to Google.[citation needed]
A Made for AdSense (MFA) website or webpage has little or no content, but is filled with advertisements so that users have no choice but to click on advertisements. Such pages were tolerated in the past, but due to complaints, Google now disables such accounts.
There have also been reports of Trojan horses engineered to produce counterfeit Google advertisements that are formatted looking like legitimate ones. The Trojan downloads itself onto an unsuspecting computer through a webpage and then replaces the original advertisements with its own set of malicious advertisements.[15]
Criticism
Due to concerns about click fraud, 'Google AdSense' has been criticized by some search engine optimization firms as a large source of what Google calls "invalid clicks", in which one company clicks on a rival's search engine advertisements to drive up the other company's costs.
To help prevent click fraud, AdSense publishers can choose from a number of click-tracking programs.[citation needed] These programs display detailed information about the visitors who click on the AdSense advertisements. Publishers can use this to determine whether or not they have been a victim of click fraud. There are a number of commercial tracking scripts available for purchase.
The payment terms for webmasters have also been criticized. Google withholds payment until an account reaches US$100, but many micro content providers[citation needed] require a long time—years in some cases—to build up this much AdSense revenue. However, Google will pay all earned revenue greater than US$10 when an AdSense account is closed.
Many website owners complain that their AdSense accounts have been disabled just before they were supposed to receive their first paycheck from Google. Google claims accounts have been disabled due to click fraud.[citation needed]
Google came under fire when the official Google AdSense Blog showcased the French video website Imineo.com. This website violated Google's AdSense Program Policies by displaying AdSense alongside sexually explicit material. Typically, websites displaying AdSense have been banned from showing such content. Some sites have been banned for distributing copyright material even when they hold the copyright themselves or are authorized by the copyright holder to distribute the material.
It has been reported that using both AdSense and AdWords may cause a website to pay Google a commission when the website advertises itself.

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